What is meant by the term "judicial review"?

Judicial review refers to the power of the Supreme Court to declare laws or government actions unconstitutional, effectively invalidating them. This concept is a fundamental aspect of the system of checks and balances established by the U.S. Constitution, ensuring that no law or action can contravene the principles outlined in the Constitution. The establishment of judicial review was significantly influenced by the landmark case Marbury v. Madison in 1803, which affirmed the judiciary's role in interpreting the Constitution and protecting individual rights against potential government overreach. This mechanism allows the judiciary to maintain the integrity of constitutional law and ensures that legislative and executive actions adhere to constitutional standards.