What was the major consequence of the Industrial Revolution?

The major consequence of the Industrial Revolution was the shift from agrarian economies to industrialized cities. This transformation marked a significant change in the way societies functioned, as large numbers of people moved from rural areas to urban centers in search of work in factories. The rise of industrialization led to a substantial increase in productivity and economic output, fundamentally altering the social and economic landscape.

As new technologies emerged, industries began to develop in urban areas that could provide jobs, thereby drawing labor away from traditional agricultural roles. This resulted in urbanization, where cities grew rapidly due to the influx of workers. The industrial economy created new social dynamics, changing living conditions and lifestyles, often leading to challenges such as overcrowded living situations and labor exploitation, but ultimately reshaping the structure of society.

The other options highlight aspects that were either less pronounced or contradictory to the primary changes brought about by the Industrial Revolution. Rural agriculture did not expand as industrialization took hold; instead, it declined in relative importance as urban industrial jobs became more prevalent. Population density generally increased in urban areas rather than decreasing, and while living conditions improved for some, they often worsened for many workers during the early stages of industrial growth. Thus, option B encapsulates the primary impact of this transformative